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Ryan and Brian's Bible Bistro

Ryan Sarver
Ryan and Brian's Bible Bistro
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  • Breaking Bad...Paragraphs
    Overview:In this episode, Ryan and Brian return after a brief hiatus to dive into the topic of breaks in Scripture—chapter, verse, paragraph, and section breaks—and how these editorial additions impact the way we read and interpret the Bible. They discuss the historical origins of these breaks, their purpose, and how they can sometimes obscure the original flow of the text. Using examples from John, Matthew, Isaiah, Philippians, and Colossians, they highlight “bad breaks” and offer practical strategies for reading Scripture more holistically.Key Topics Discussed:Life Updates:Brian shares his experience at Northern Seminary, meeting his doctoral cohort, and taking a class with Matthew Bates, author of Gospel Allegiance and Beyond the Salvation War. Bates has promised to join the podcast in July.Ryan discusses his ongoing classes, including a deep-dive exegetical study of Philippians, which inspired this episode’s topic.Both hosts have been busy with school, leading to a brief podcast break, but they’re excited to be back.Historical Context of Breaks in Scripture:New Testament: Originally written without breaks, punctuation, or chapters, using conjunctions like kai (and) and de (but) to structure sentences.Old Testament: Some books, like Psalms, had natural breaks, but most chapter breaks were added in the 13th century by Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury. Verses were introduced in the late 16th century, with the Geneva Bible (c. 1607) being the first to include them.Purpose: Chapters and verses were added to make referencing easier (e.g., John 3:16), but they can sometimes disrupt the text’s flow.King James Version (1611): Early adoption of chapter and verse divisions, which explains why some verses are “missing” in modern translations due to improved textual criticism.Types of Breaks and Their Impact:Chapter Breaks: Can seem arbitrary, as humorously attributed to Langton’s “horseback” decisions.Paragraph Breaks: Editorial decisions in Greek texts (e.g., Nestle-Aland 28, UBS 5) and English translations (e.g., NIV) that vary and affect interpretation.Section Breaks: Headings in modern Bibles, added by editors, can influence how readers group and understand passages.Examples of “Bad Breaks” in Scripture:John 20:24-31 (Doubting Thomas):A section break after verse 29 separates Thomas’s story from the Gospel’s purpose statement (verses 30-31). Reading them together shows Thomas as a negative example, encouraging readers to believe without seeing, based on reliable testimony.Key Insight: Section headings can disconnect related thoughts, obscuring the author’s intent.Matthew 24-25 (Jesus’ Teaching on the Second Coming):The chapter break between 24:51 and 25:1 disrupts a continuous teaching about faithfulness and preparedness. The parable of the virgins (25:1-13) logically follows the servant parable (24:45-51).Key Insight: Chapter breaks can fragment unified discourses, missing the broader context.Isaiah 52:13-53:3 (Suffering Servant):The chapter break between 52:15 and 53:1 splits the introduction of the servant (52:13-15) from the description (53:1-3), which is part of the same discourse.Key Insight: Reading across chapter breaks reveals the full context of familiar passages.Philippians 1:12-15 (Paul’s Chains):A chapter break at verse 15 disconnects Paul’s discussion
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  • "The Unseen Realm" Part 2 - New Testament
    In this episode, Ryan and Brian continue their discussion of Michael Heiser’s The Unseen Realm, shifting focus from the Old Testament to the New Testament. They explore Heiser’s “Deuteronomy 32 worldview,” which emphasizes spiritual beings, the Divine Council, and Jesus’ mission to reclaim authority over the nations. The hosts dive into key New Testament passages, connecting them to Heiser’s thesis about spiritual warfare, the role of demons, and the significance of Jesus’ actions in the Gospels.Key Topics Discussed:The Divine Council and Deuteronomy 32 WorldviewRecap of Heiser’s concept of the Divine Council: spiritual beings in God’s presence, referenced in Psalms and Deuteronomy, who witness and participate in God’s dominion.Heiser’s “Deuteronomy 32 worldview” ties to Genesis 11 (Tower of Babel) and the Table of Nations in Genesis 10, where 70 nations are assigned to spiritual beings, while Israel remains under Yahweh’s direct authority.Discussion of how this worldview shapes the understanding of spiritual dynamics in both Testaments.Jesus and the Twelve DisciplesThe hosts explore the symbolic significance of Jesus choosing 12 disciples, representing the 12 tribes of Israel (Mark 6:7-13).Jesus sends the 12 out with authority over impure spirits, a mission tied to preaching repentance and healing.Casting out demons is noted as unique to Jesus’ ministry, absent in early Judaism and the Old Testament, suggesting a spiritual confrontation stirred by the announcement of God’s kingdom.The Sending of the 70 (or 72)In Luke 10:1, Jesus sends out 70 (or 72, depending on the manuscript) disciples, which Heiser connects to the 70 nations in Genesis 10.This act symbolizes Jesus’ authority over all nations, not just Israel, as a spiritual offensive against the powers assigned to those nations.The disciples return, reporting that “even the demons submit to your name” (Luke 10:17), prompting Jesus’ declaration: “I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven” (Luke 10:18).Jesus emphasizes rejoicing in salvation (“your names are written in heaven”) over power over spirits.Hades and Spiritual WarfareDiscussion of Hades as both the underworld and a Greek god, referenced in Revelation 6:8 (the pale horse and rider named Death, followed by Hades).Connection to Matthew 16:13-20, where Jesus, at Caesarea Philippi (near Mount Bashan, a place of pagan worship), declares, “On this rock, I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overcome it.”Heiser interprets this as an offensive move: the church will break down the defensive “gates” of false gods, not merely resist them.The Transfiguration (Matthew 17) is also linked to this location, reinforcing Jesus’ authority over spiritual realms.Paul’s Perspective on Spiritual RealitiesIn 1 Corinthians 2:6-10, Paul speaks of “the rulers of this age” who did not understand God’s mystery, leading to Jesus’ crucifixion. Heiser suggests these rulers are spiritual beings, not just human authorities, defeated through Jesus’ death and resurrection.Ephesians 6:10-12 (the armor of God) emphasizes the battle against “spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms,” aligning with Heiser’s view of ongoing spiritual warfare.1 Corinthians 10:18-21 connects idol worship to “demons” (Greek: daimonion), which could also mean “gods” in the Septuagint (Deuteronomy 32:17). Paul warns against participating in sacrifices to these entities.1 Peter and the Imprisoned Spirits1 Peter 3:18-22 discusses Jesus’ proclamation to “imprisoned spirits” after his resurrection, which Heiser ties to Genesis 6 and...
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  • "The Unseen Realm" Part 1
    In this episode of Ryan and Brian’s Bible Bistro, the hosts dive into The Unseen Realm by Michael Heiser, focusing on Old Testament themes. Heiser’s “Deuteronomy 32 worldview” explores a divine council of spiritual beings (Elohim) surrounding God, distinct from polytheism. Key passages like Psalm 82:1, Genesis 6:1-4, and Deuteronomy 32:8 highlight rebellions (Fall, Nephilim, Tower of Babel) and cosmic geography, where Israel’s land is uniquely tied to Yahweh. Naaman’s request for Israelite soil (2 Kings 5) underscores this. Heiser’s framework, rooted in ancient context, clarifies “weird” texts but requires caution due to speculative elements. Part 2 will cover New Testament applications.Overview of The Unseen RealmCore Thesis: Heiser proposes a “Deuteronomy 32 worldview,” emphasizing a divine council of spiritual beings (Elohim) that God interacts with, distinct from polytheism.Heiser’s Background: His interest sparked as a PhD student when reading Psalm 82:1, which mentions God judging “among the gods” (Elohim, a plural Hebrew term).Writing Style: Heiser leans into “weird” or overlooked passages (e.g., Genesis 6:1-4), offering fresh interpretations grounded in biblical languages and ancient Near Eastern context.Audience Appeal: Engages readers unfamiliar with scholarly study through accessible writing, YouTube presence, and podcasts.Key Old Testament Concepts DiscussedThe Divine Council (Psalm 82:1)Text: “God presides in the great assembly; he renders judgment among the gods” (Elohim).Explanation: Elohim can mean God or spiritual beings, depending on context. Heiser argues this passage depicts God surrounded by a council of spiritual beings (not gods in a polytheistic sense).Key Idea: God is unique, but other spiritual beings exist, serving advisory roles, not as equals. Heiser emphasizes, “There is no Elohim like Yahweh.”Deuteronomy 32 Worldview (Deuteronomy 32:8)Text: “When the Most High gave the nations their inheritance… he set up boundaries for the peoples according to the number of the sons of God” (Dead Sea Scrolls/Septuagint reading).Context: Refers to the Tower of Babel (Genesis 11), where God divided nations and assigned spiritual beings (“sons of God”) to oversee them.Implications: These beings rebelled, leading to judgment (Psalm 82). This explains why nations worshipped other gods, tied to spiritual rebellion.Textual Note: The Masoretic Text reads “sons of Israel,” but earlier texts (Dead Sea Scrolls, Septuagint) support “sons of God,” a more difficult but likely original reading.Three Rebellions in GenesisFall (Genesis 3): The serpent, a rebellious spiritual being, deceives humanity, opposing God’s plan for humans to rule the earth.Sons of God and Nephilim (Genesis 6:1-4): Spiritual beings (“sons of God”) intermarry with human women, producing Nephilim (giants), leading to increased wickedness and the flood.Tower of Babel (Genesis 11): Humanity rebels by building a ziggurat to reach the heavens, defying God’s command to spread out. God divides nations and assigns spiritual beings (Deuteronomy 32:8).Cosmic GeographyConcept: The land of Israel is uniquely tied to Yahweh’s presence, distinct from other nations under rebellious spiritual beings.Example: Naaman’s Story (2 Kings 5:14-17):Naaman, a Syrian...
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  • Was Jesus Nailed To The Cross?
    Overview:In this episode, Ryan and Brian dive into a recent Christianity Today article by Daniel Silliman that sparked controversy by discussing scholar Jeffrey Paul Garcia’s research suggesting Jesus’ crucifixion may not have involved nails. The hosts explore the article’s implications, the role of biblical scholarship, and the historical and archaeological evidence surrounding crucifixion. They also reflect on the importance of careful scholarship and its presentation to the public.Key Topics Discussed:Introduction to the Christianity Today ArticleArticle by Daniel Silliman references Jeffrey Garcia’s research, which proposes that ropes, not nails, may have been used in Jesus’ crucifixion.Published around Easter, leading to a firestorm of responses due to its timing and implications.Ryan notes he heard Garcia present this paper at the Society of Biblical Literature (SBL) meeting in 2006, highlighting the slow dissemination of scholarly work.Context of Biblical ScholarshipRyan defines a scholar as someone deeply engaged in study, emphasizing that it’s not an elite category but a commitment to rigorous inquiry.Describes the SBL as a diverse gathering of scholars, including conservatives, nonbelievers, and others, studying Christian, Hebrew, and intertestamental texts.Contrasts how ideas are received in scholarly settings versus congregational ones, noting the skepticism scholars face at SBL.The Article’s Claims and EvidenceGarcia’s argument: Nails are not explicitly mentioned in the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke), and some ancient sources suggest ropes were used in crucifixions.Ryan counters with literary evidence:John 20 explicitly mentions nail marks in Jesus’ hands (verses 25, 27).Luke 24:39-40 implies wounds in Jesus’ hands and feet, supporting the nail narrative.Archaeological evidence:Yohanan’s skeleton (found in Jerusalem post-Six Days War) with a nail in the heel bone, suggesting nails were used.Govello skeleton in Italy, another crucified individual with ankle damage.Nails were often reused due to the value of iron, explaining scarce archaeological remains.Ancient Roman inscription lists nails as essential for crucifixion, reinforcing their use.Response to the ArticleChristianity Today’s evangelical roots (founded with Billy Graham’s involvement) make the article’s publication surprising, as it was perceived to question scriptural inerrancy.Silliman issued an apology, admitting he didn’t consider John 20 or the impact on readers’ views of inerrancy.Ryan and Brian critique the article’s presentation in a popular outlet, which may lack the scholarly nuance needed for such claims.Historical and Archaeological Insights on CrucifixionRyan references Martin Hengel’s book, Crucifixion in the Ancient World and the Folly of the Message of the Cross, which details the widespread use of crucifixion by Romans.Crucifixion was not just execution but public humiliation, often near roads for visibility.Variations in crucifixion methods:Crosses were likely lower than depicted in media.Shapes varied (e.g., capital T vs. small t).Some were crucified post-mortem for display.Example: Peter’s upside-down crucifixion per church tradition.Yohanan’s leg fractures were likely post-mortem, not evidence of crurifragium (leg-breaking to hasten death), as initially thought.The Role of Scholarship in FaithRyan defends...
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  • Malchus and the Return of Belief
    Episode Overview:Welcome back to Ryan and Brian’s Bible Bistro, where hosts Ryan and Brian dive into the Bible, theology, and all things pertaining to the Christian faith. Recorded during Holy Week, this episode explores the story of Malchus, the servant of the high priest, and discusses encouraging trends in Christian faith globally. From historical insights to modern revivals, Ryan and Brian cover it all with their signature wit and wisdom.Timestamps & Topics:[00:00 - 03:30] Introduction and BanterRyan and Brian kick off with playful banter about Brian’s “conversion” to the word “pertaining.”Setting the scene: It’s Holy Week, recorded the day after Palm Sunday, with Easter approaching.[03:30 - 06:00] Holy Week ContextBrian shares his busy schedule as a pastor, preparing for a unique Maundy Thursday service and Easter celebrations.The episode will cover two main topics: a biblical reflection for Holy Week and a discussion on current trends in Christianity.[06:00 - 28:00] The Story of MalchusFocus on Malchus, the servant of the high priest, whose ear is cut off during Jesus’ arrest in the Garden of Gethsemane.Examination of the account across all four Gospels:Mark 14:47: An unnamed person cuts off the servant’s ear; Jesus rebukes the action (Mark 14:48).Matthew 26:50-51: Similar account, with Jesus saying, “All who draw the sword will die by the sword” (Matthew 26:52).Luke 22:49-51: Adds that Jesus heals the servant’s ear, still unnamed.John 18:10-11: Names the servant as Malchus and the disciple as Simon Peter; Jesus commands Peter to put away his sword.Discussion on why details differ:Traditional view: Later Gospels add details for verisimilitude.N.T. Wright’s perspective: Gospel writers interacted, emphasizing different aspects.Scholarly insights from Richard Bauckham’s book (Jesus and the Eyewitnesses):Anonymity in earlier Gospels (Mark, Matthew, Luke) may have protected early Christians, like Malchus, from persecution.Naming in John could indicate safety or recognition of Malchus as a believer.Theories suggest Malchus became a Christian after Jesus healed him, supported by early church traditions.Criteria for authenticity:Multiple attestation (all four Gospels include the story).Criterion of embarrassment (Peter’s rebuke reflects poorly on him, suggesting authenticity).Connection to Holy Week: Jesus’ call to avoid violence and embrace a “cruciform life” of sacrifice.[28:00 - 50:00] Resurgence of Christian FaithThree encouraging studies highlight a revival in Christianity:UK Bible Society Report (The Quiet Revival):Interview with Dr. Rhiannon McAleer, Director of Research.Church attendance in England and Wales has grown, especially among Gen Z.Stats: Young men’s attendance up from 4% to 21% (2018–present), young women from 3% to 12%.Quote from Dr. Rob Barward-Simmons: Church offers meaning amidst mental health struggles, loneliness, and loss of purpose.Barna Group Study (US):66% of U.S. adults report a personal commitment to Jesus, up 12% since 2021.Gen Z men show a 15% increase in commitment (2019–2025).David Kinnaman’s Faith for Exiles: “This is the clearest trend we’ve seen in more than a decade pointing to spiritual renewal.”Ryan Burge notes a plateau and slight decline in “nones” (religiously unaffiliated).Voice of the Martyrs Report...
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