On this episode of the Real Life Pharmacology podcast, I discuss Miralax (polyethylene glycol) pharmacology, adverse effects, and much more.
MiraLAX is an osmotic laxative commonly used to treat occasional constipation by retaining water in the stool to increase stool frequency and soften consistency.
The standard adult dose of MiraLAX is 17 grams (approximately one heaping tablespoon) dissolved in 4 to 8 ounces of liquid once daily.
Electrolyte imbalances are rare but possible with prolonged or excessive use of Miralax, particularly in elderly or renal-impaired patients.
Advise patients to maintain adequate hydration while using MiraLAX to support its mechanism and reduce side effects.
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14:22
Minoxidil Pharmacology
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On this episode of the Real Life Pharmacology Podcast, we cover minoxidil pharmacology, adverse effects, drug interactions, and much more.
Minoxidil is a potent arterial vasodilator used in the treatment of hypertension and androgenetic alopecia.
The route of administration greatly impacts the drug’s safety profile. Oral minoxidil is typically reserved for refractory hypertension due to its strong systemic effects and associated risks.
Topical formulations (2% or 5%) are widely used for hair regrowth, offering local benefits with minimal systemic absorption.
Systemic minoxidil can result in fluid retention, tachycardia, and even pericardial effusion, often requiring co-administration with a diuretic and beta-blocker.
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11:51
Prednisone Pharmacology
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Prednisone is a commonly used medication for its antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive action. On this episode I discuss prednisone pharmacology, ADRs, and much more.
In the episode, I discuss how prednisone affects the HPA system in the body. Cortisol production can be greatly impacted by long term use of prednisone.
GI adverse effects can be problematic with oral prednisone which is why we often give this medication with food or milk.
Hyperglycemia is a complication from the use of prednisone. I've commonly seen blood sugar spike by 50-100+ mg/dL due to this medication.
Osteoporosis is a long term risk with the use of prednisone. Prednisone can also impact the benefits of vaccination. I discuss this in greater depth in the drug interactions portion of the podcast.
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17:02
Linagliptin Pharmacology
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On this episode of the Real Life Pharmacology Podcast, I cover linagliptin pharmacology, adverse effects, drug interactions, and much more.
Linagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor used to help control blood sugar levels in adults with type 2 diabetes. It works by increasing the levels of incretin hormones, which stimulate insulin release and decrease glucagon levels in the blood.
Linagliptin is usually taken once daily and can be used alone or in combination with other diabetes medications.
Unlike some other diabetes drugs, linagliptin does not usually cause weight gain or low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) when used alone.
Linagliptin should not be used with GLP-1 agonists as it works on a similar pathway as that medication class.
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11:15
Meclizine Pharmacology Podcast
Meclizine is classified as a first-generation antihistamine. I discuss meclizine pharmacology, adverse effects, drug interactions, and much more.
Meclizine is included on the Beers list due to its highly anticholinergic activity. Anticholinergic effects include constipation, dry eyes, dry mouth, urinary retention, and confusion.
Sedation is an important adverse effect of meclizine. This adverse effect can be increased when used with other sedating medications such as opioids and benzodiazepines.
Meclizine is primarily used for vertigo and motion sickness in clinical practice. The usual starting dose ranges between 12.5 to 25 mg.
Meclizine is partially broken down by CYP2D6 so medications like bupropion can inhibit the breakdown of meclizine and lead to higher concentrations.
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